American Revolution - A History

Taming of the Shrew Character Profile Essay - 2829 Words

Taming of the Shrew Character Profile  · Romantic comedy Time and place written  · Around 1592, London Date of first publication  · 1623 Tone  · The overall tone of the play is light and comic, though the exploration of larger social questions, such as the proper relation of the sexes in marriage, lends much of the comedy a more serious tone. Settings (Time)  · Unspecific, though presumably sometime during the Italian Renaissance Settings (Place)  · Padua, a city-state in Italy prominent during the Renaissance Major conflict  · Petruccios attempt to tame Katherine; that is, to assert his authority in their marriage and overcome her hotheaded†¦show more content†¦She is sharp-tongued, quick-tempered, and prone to violence, particularly against anyone who tries to marry her. Her hostility toward suitors particularly distresses her father. But her anger and rudeness disguise her deep-seated sense of insecurity and her jealousy toward her sister, Bianca. She does not resist her suitor Petruccio forever, though, and she eventually subjugates herself to him, despite her previous repudiation of marriage. Widely reputed throughout Padua to be a shrew, Katherine is foul-tempered and sharp-tongued at the start of the play. She constantly insults and degrades the men around her, and she is prone to wild displays of anger, during which she may physically attack whomever enrages her. Though most of the plays characters simply believe Katherine to be inherently ill-tempered, it is certainly plausible to think that her unpleasant behavior stems from unhappiness. She may act like a shrew because she is miserable and desperate. There are many possible sources of Katherines unhappiness: she expresses jealousy about her fathers treatment of her sister, but her anxiety may also stem from feelings about her ownShow MoreRelated The Politics of Contemporary Approaches to Shakespeare Essay3166 Words   |  13 Pagesequation for success turned into a recipe for disaster. The feminists in the department had purposed to kill off the classics. Sakren was told to stop teaching the sexist works of Shak espeare or to revise the ending to such plays as The Taming of the Shrew in order to appease women (Alexander). Accompanying these recommendations, Sakren was also asked to reduce the academic rigor of his program. His office was searched and rumors were spread about him. Sakren refused to follow the recommendations

Ethical Paper Free Essays

Ethics Reflection Paper By: Josh Wilber STR/581 Dr. Jill Hagist Ethical behavior within the workplace is important to have good communication between employees, management, and end users. One key definition of ethics is that ethics are mainly the kind of values and morals an individual or society finds desirable or appropriate (farzanalibaloch. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now blogspot. com). The main focus is to show the customers having a successful business between ventures is based on honesty and integrity that will lead to long-term success. This paper will explain the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan, considering stakeholder needs, and will explain how your ethical perspective has evolved throughout the program. It is important that workplace policy with ethics must be in harmony with all laws and regulations that are currently in force in the jurisdiction where the business operates (wisegeek. com. This helps to ensure that basic workplace ethics preclude any pressure or coercion to engage in actions that are considered to be illegal, promote discrimination in the workplace, support unfair hiring and firing practices, or allow wages to be set that are below the minimum legal standards for the area (wisegeek. com). If a company is unethical it will take many years to build back the image they lost due to unethical behavior. Ethics are developed at all stages within a company from the first time you hire an employee up until the company releases an IPO and goes public. The first step to ethical behavior occurs when you are conducting a strategic plan. The company has to realize the role of ethics and social responsibility to implement a positive plan. Ethics have a lot to do with the company’s vision and how they perceive themselves within the marketplace. There are three questions that every company should ask when they are integrating ethics into their business; what do we stand for? What is our purpose, and what values do we have? The next step for the strategic plan would be to develop a mission plan, a company vision and company values. Some examples of the way a business can integrate ethics into business are to have a framework and process for the resolution of ethical issues, have the right organizational structure, have rewards based on the right metrics, make employee development part of strategy and make ethics training part of employee development, and to encourage all employees to be challenging and demanding in the ethical domain (scu. edu). Stakeholders are considered people or groups that have an interest in the company. Stakeholders include employees, investors, customers, shareholders, suppliers, and others. If the stakeholders feel like a company is unethical customers, doing actual business within the company may turn shareholders, suppliers, and investors away. One way a company can keep track is to do annual ethical reviews, and also activities where they can update the employee on ethical standards and policies that are considered company standard. An example is that Pfizer is currently a market leader and had prior allegations of animal testing with their laboratories and still has to answer to the media regarding the unethical behavior with PETA. Ethics Awareness Inventory is a test that discusses the ethical perspective from an individual. The Most lined ethical view was within Character. My beliefs rely on the ability of individuals to make sound moral judgments and I do not believe that it is enough to comply with some preset standards or principles of right and wrong to find the solution to a complex ethical dilemma (EAI inventory). One belief is that ethics should focus on ways to help people achieve moral excellence. When asked to judge whether an individual’s actions are ethical, it would be looked beyond the actions to examine the individual’s character (EAI inventory). Within business this perspective that is inline with Character will go a long way for a successful career/opportunity. Honesty and integrity is the key to having a successful business where Stakeholders develop trust. The role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan creates a foundation for how the company wants to remain ethical throughout their business cycle. Works Cited http://farzanalibaloch. blogspot. com/2008/08/enron-downfall-unethical-behaviour. html http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/strategic-plan. html How to cite Ethical Paper, Essay examples

Perspective To Inform The Project Planning â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Perspective To Inform The Project Planning? Answer: Introduction In order to solidify the structure of the Canberra city, the Light Rail Transit project is referred to as one of the most important transport system that helps to offer huge number of opportunities to the passengers. The objective of the Light Rail Transit Project is to develop or extend the existing network for minimizing the traffic pressure from the traffic network. In tight and busy traffic schedule it is very much important to structure the traffic in such a manner so that the road could not be blocked (Capital Metro Agency 2014). The purpose of the project is to develop the preliminary design with conceptual design, detailed design and development criteria, system testing, evaluation, validation and optimization as well of Light rail transit project. It has been found that the existing LRT project network is not at all significant thus, in order to implement this particular transport in the significant places of Canberra city, it is necessary to develop the conceptual design details including its network and route as well. With the implementation of a smoother Light Rail transit project, the ordinary roadway of Canberra will be able to minimize the commotion and the obstruction as well. After analyzing the project details it is determined that, the transportation development committee of Canberra city is willing to cover a length of 12 Kim around the Canberra city. For connecting different commercial district, the Light Rail have is required to be developed. Preliminary design of the Light Rail Transit project Due to heavy traffic congestion in the large city of Canberra, Australia the development of Light Rail Transit (LRT), has become important to the network developers. From the private investment sector the project developers are willing to develop the Light Rails Project for Canberra city. In order to ensure that the project is successful certain components those have been considered include rapid prototyping, mind mapping and addition of advanced technologies (Catthoor et al. 2013). A life cycle cost of the project is also estimated for implementing the project. The additional components those have been considered for this project include maintenance cost, experiences, collected historical data, and project details for the construction. However, the Canberra project lacks to collect historical information those are helpful for the development of the system and its related decision making approaches. In order to support the feasibility study life cycle costing system is required to be developed by the project manager and the development committee (Chandler 2015). Based on the structure, scale, factors and construction methods the economic evaluations of the systems are also done. Figure 1: Proposed Route of the Light Rail Network (Source: Hensher 2016, pp-290) The other factors that influence the entire project structure include bridges, tunnels. Additionally, an algorithm for analyzing the LCC, are also found to be enough efficient from the project improvement approach. This particular project has been undertaken by a private business authority thus a private company had analyzed the economic details of the project (Hensher 2016). The business success is completely dependent on proper cost estimation and the derived life cycle cost. The preliminary design details associated to the project are bridge LCC, Highway management and development and bridge life cycle cost analysis. Detailed design and development In order to utilize the data for developing the new network of the Light Rail, it is necessary for the project developers to analyze proper programming details of the project. The National Institute of Science and Technology has undertaken the responsibility of developing the building and fire research laboratory office for the applied economics (Mulley, Tsai and Ma 2015). For this particular project the Bridge Life cycle cost analysis, is done considering the traditional process and method developed by the transportation research centre. Not only this but also, for evaluating the system a simulation software rather simulation software named as PLM simulation tool. With the help of this particular tool the developers will be able to test the direction and route details of the light rail project. For the highway development and management a financial support has been gained from the private external resources (Ho, Hensher and Mulley 2015). This particular program is referred to as a tool which could analyze the details of the project investment and all other economic perspectives as well. Both the pre design and post design construction details are demonstrated in this paper. The different factors those have been used to calculate the life cycle cost for the pre design stage include roadbed, civil work, bridge, tunnel and station. The civil workers are responsible for the developing the general ground and soft ground. On the other hand, the bridge development factors include over bridge, genera ground, soft ground (Martin 2014). In order to extend the light rail network from the exiting connectors mountainous tunnel and metropolitan tunnel are also developed. In many rural locations also the stations for stoppages are also considered. Before the final implementation of the project in the primary phase the steps those have been considered for project include the real discount rate, expected period for the construction and the expected period for the maintenance of the new route for the Light Rail Transit (Burke and Currie 2013). For this particular project the identified two different phases are pre design phase and post design phase. The Light Rail Transit structure specifications Bridgee Types Substructure Specification Steel box Girder Bridge Steel plate girder bridge IPC Girder bridge RC Slab Bridge WS PSC beam Bridge Wall type pier T type pier Torchlight type pier Length of the bridge Width of the bridge The construction cost at the project initiation phase Tunnel Type Specification ASSM NATM The expansion of the tunnel The diameter of the tunnel Project initial cost Civil structure Specification The general ground Primary construction cost Soft ground Building Specification The general ground Primary construction cost Soft ground General and metropolitan From the specification of the system the general requirement those have been undertaken include the following: System components Requirements Computer and processors Processor (500MHz or may be faster than that) Memory 256MB RAM (or more than that) Hard disk 10 MB while the total framework 2.0 is not installed, proper capacity of the disk (300 MB or 620 MB) Display The monitor resolution must have a monitor resolution of 1024X768 (better can be accepted) An operating system Microsoft XP, Windows server 2003, Other components .Net framework 2.0 is needed to be installed for the development and implementation in the real world application. Total estimated cost for the Light Rail Transit project Components Estimated cost ($) Light Rail Portion 145.90 Million Widening the freeway 79.60 Million Total cost 225.50 Million Finance Estimation ($) Transfer of funding based on interest 182.3 Million Urban mass transportation 8.9 Million For developing signaling 5.0 Million Tunnel and bridge 11.8 Million For the construction of line 17.5 Million Total value 225.5 Million Allocated dollar for the different segments Estimation ($) Other technical requirements 5.7 Million For the steel bridge construction 4.7 Million For street improvement and maintenance 3.0 Million Development of the freeway 23.2 Million The construction details associated to the LRT project are as follows: Types Application (length) The condition applied PSC BEAM 22.00 m-25.6 m On standard section LPC GIRDER 30.00m 35.7 m On standard section On the section needed under bridge height and double span PPC GIRDER 20.00 m 36.00m On standard section On the section needed under bridge height and double span U-GIRDER 31.00m 37.00m Standards section PF BEAM 30.00m- 35.00 m Under the height of the bridge and a double span RPF BEAM 30.00m 35.00m Under the height of the bridge and a double span In order to implement the LRT project successfully it is necessary for the system developers to consider each aspect professionally. The two different phases considered for the project development are pre design phase and the post design phase (Mysydney.nsw.gov.au 2016). The deck is consists of both general and urban areas. The parameters associated to the project implementation are construction estimation, line route selection. The post design approach of the construction project includes both the construction as well as maintenance cost. In case of the bridge development, the detail design of the bridge is needed to be entered to the database system so that on the time of implementation the information could be deployed successfully. The factors used in the LRT pre design phase are as follows: Deck Orbit Building Electric power supply Signaling Communication Streetcar lining System test, evaluation and optimization Before the implementation of the Light Rail Transit project in Canberra City, Australia the existing design of the project should be developed ensuring the efficiency and safe movement of the cyclists and that must be completely accommodated as well (Burke and Currie 2013). In order to find out the way for the passengers, through determining the type and optimum direction level placements direction signage and maps are developed. Before the real world implementation of the project it is necessary for the project developer to use PLM simulation software (Mulley, Tsaiand Ma 2015). With the help of this particular software the newly extended direction of the light rail could be tested properly and even if any addition changes required then those could also be brought into the system. Evaluation Comfortable ride should be offered to the consumers of the Light rail passengers A minimum level of noise with proper control over the vibration is required The motor used in the light rail helps to minimize the noise and vibration (Burke and Currie 2013) PLM simulation software is used by the project managers and project sponsors to manage the dynamic energy and the speed of the Light Rail Transit project Validation and optimization For the validation and optimization of the system the parameters those have been considered are as follows: Professional participation of the community group from Canberra city is required for those who will take part in the operational purposes without any kind of dedicated parking facility (Mysydney.nsw.gov.au 2016). Each testing domain associated to the project are required to be tested properly by the volunteers In the highly demanding parking areas this project extension is required to be done The metropolitan parking infrastructure development Additionally, quality raw materials are required for the development and implementation of the project (Capital Metro Agency 2014) Before the selection of the newly extended network or channel it is necessary for the project developers to consider the pilot programming and street network management framework For avoiding the rate of road accidents signal on proper locations are also developed. For the development of the project in the real world in certain location tunnels and bridges of proper diameter and width are needed to be developed by the project manager (Chandler 2015) The cost estimation should be done by the project sponsors and project managers to validate the project details with economic support and financial stability as well. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that in order to complete the project successfully with appropriate launch plan, resource plan and long term plan as well it is necessary for the project developers to consider a detail conceptual design of the Light Rail Transit (LRT) project including system testing, evaluation and development as well. Not only this but also the project demonstrated the validation and optimization of the project. The conceptual network designed for the Canberra Light Rail Transit project has successfully integrated the transport of Australia. The busy traffic issues facing by the Australian city has been partly resolved with the implementation of the advanced Light Rail Transit project. It has been defined that many operation level profits are also associated to this system such as the motor used for the system is free of noise and as the rail runs through electricity thus, the transport is eco-friendly and pollution free. The speeds of the Light Rail s are around 70 to 80 km/Hour. Though, the communication channel is very much beneficial but still due to higher cost the development committee is facing different financial issues. References Burke, M. and Currie, G., 2013. Light rail in Australia-Performance and prospects. Capital Metro Agency. 2014. 1st ed. [pdf] Canberra: Capital Metro Full Business Case, pp.12-35. Available at: https://www.tccs.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/887680/Light-rail-Capital-Metro-Business-Case-In-Full.pdf [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Catthoor, F., Wuytack, S., de Greef, G.E., Banica, F., Nachtergaele, L. and Vandecappelle, A., 2013.Custom memory management methodology: Exploration of memory organisation for embedded multimedia system design. Springer Science and Business Media. Chandler, B., 2015. Australia award for urban design presentations in Melbourne.Planning News,41(9), p.6. Currie, G. and Burke, M., 2013, October. Light rail in Australiaperformance and prospects. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum, Brisbane, Australia. Dobes, L. and Leung, J., 2015. Wider economic impacts in transport infrastructure cost-benefit analysis-A bridge too far?.Agenda: A Journal of Policy Analysis and Reform,22(1), p.75. Douglas, N. and O'Keeffe, B., 2016, November. Wider Economic BenefitsWhen and if they should be used in evaluation of transport projects. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 38th, 2016, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Downs, C., Cassels, B. and Ericksen, J., 2014. Case study of rail design on Gold Coast Light Rail.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.76. Hensher, D., Mulley, C. and Rose, J., 2016. Preferences for BRT and light rail.Restructuring Public Transport Through Bus Rapid Transit: An International and Interdisciplinary Perspective, p.209. Hensher, D.A., 2016. Why is Light Rail Starting to Dominate Bus Rapid Transit Yet Again?.Transport Reviews,36(3), pp.289-292. Hensher, D.A., Ho, C. and Mulley, C., 2015. Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning prioritisation.Journal of Transport Geography,46, pp.1-9. Ho, C., Hensher, D.A. and Mulley, C., 2015. Identifying resident preferences for bus-based and rail-based investments as a complementary buy in perspective to inform project planning prioritisation.Journal of Transport Geography,46, pp.1-9. Love, P.E., Ahiaga-Dagbui, D., Welde, M. and Odeck, J., 2017. Light rail transit cost performance: Opportunities for future-proofing.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,100, pp.27-39. MacKenzie, A., Muminovic, M., Williamson, G., Davey, R. and Lernihan, V., 2015, December. Passing the Community Test-A co-benefits approach to evaluating the case for light rail in Canberra, Australia. InState of Australian Cities National Conference, 2015, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Martin, S., 2014. Moving beyond cost: Evaluating LRT and BRT options for Australian and New Zealand cities.CORE 2014: Rail Transport For A Vital Economy, p.178. Miller, N., 2014. The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Miller, N., 2014. The impact of a new light rail network upon walkability in a central business district. Mulley, C., Tsai, C.H.P. and Ma, L., 2015, September. Does residential property price benefit from light rail in Sydney?. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Mysydney.nsw.gov.au. (2012). Sydneys Light Rail Future: Expanding public transport, revitalising our city. [online] Available at: https://mysydney.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/user-files/uploads/light-rail-future-web.pdf [Accessed 20 Aug. 2016]. Newman, P., Kenworthy, J. and Glazebrook, G., 2013. Peak car use and the rise of global rail: why this is happening and what it means for large and small cities.Journal of Transportation Technologies,3.

Social Work as a Profession

In the delivery of social services, the parties involved can be divided into either social workers or volunteers; the main differences that the two have is their way of approach to the subject. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Social Work as a Profession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Social workers are trained on different areas of handling mankind and situations as well on the best way to approach an issue, when they are on the field; they portray high levels of integrity and intellectualism. On the other hand most volunteers work from their personality, they feel they want to assist an ailing society thus they engage in the activity, they may have undergone training or not. The main conflict that might be seen between volunteers and professional social workers is the approach that either takes; volunteers might have the advantage of being closer to a society especially if he or she happens to have come from the particular society that he is offering services. Because of the closeness, communities are more likely to trust him than social worker coming from a different area. The danger comes that in case the approach or decisions taken by the volunteers are not the best, then the society is likely to suffer substandard decisions challenging social works ideology (Clayton Williams, 2004) When social workers (professionals) are on the field, they should not be closely supervised; this will offer them a chance to exercise their professionalism and handling situations the way they come. When working with different communities and people of diverse cultures, professionals needs to be flexible and willing to adjust according to the needs of the community that they are serving. When professionals are left without close monitoring and dictatorship on how they need to handle situations, then they are likely to be motivated in their works and work for the benefit of the society and their em ploying organization as a whole. Saying that social workers should be left to work independently does not in any way mean that they should be left to conduct their businesses without a central control; what the phrase means is that they should be given some freedom to practice their professionalism.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People generally work better when they are shown that they are trusted to operate and conduct a certain task on behalf of the government or their employer, making them free will then facilitate working hand. In current era of Aids epidemics mostly in developing countries, the task and the roles that professional social workers undertake has taken a wider approach, they are used to educate, sometimes offer medication, advise, and create effective rooms where the affected and infected can get refuge. The goal has made the professionals play the role of community nurses and their advice and connection with communities around their working territory has been used by governments to pass information to the communities. On the other hand, the professionals in developing countries are used as government advisers on programs that are needed to be implemented in society level to facilitate economic growth of such places (Gerald, 2010). The widened role played by social workers (professionals), is likely to change the perception that communities and the government had held for the profession; the profession will be taken seriously by all parties involved and in the future there is likelihood of having for young people engaging in the community based work as a career. References Clayton, M., Williams, A.(2004). Social justice. New York: Wiley-Blackwell. Gerald, C. (2010). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions. New Jersey: Cengage learning.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Social Work as a Profession spe cifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This assessment on Social Work as a Profession was written and submitted by user Kathryn C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case Study

Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case Study Free Online Research Papers Blue Mountain Spring Water will increase our customer base and expand our distribution by reaching beyond the borders of Pennsylvania. We plan to start selling our product in the state of Florida, Georgia and other southern states by the end of this fiscal year. Our revenues over the past five years have provided us with a significant portion of the amount we need to expand our production facility to accomplish this task. As with any company we are always trying to improve our product and develop new product lines. Our research team currently is developing a new product line: flavored water with all natural ingredients. We are also developing a delivery service of our water. Our bottle design team has finished a 5 liter design that will be fitted to a water dispensing unit. These units will be rented to office buildings and houses for a very low cost per month. We will stop production on the 2 liter bottle. The machinery that was manufacturing the two liter will start producing the 5 liter bottles. 2. These two new product lines will increase our revenue by 15%. 3. We plan to donate 100 cases of our water to each school in the area around our facility. We will take out the soda and replace it with our water for a month. Nonfinancial Goals 1. New product line – Flavored water, 5 liter bottle and also distributing coffee machines that will be able to hook up to the 5 liter bottle. 2. Our new geographic market will be the southern states. 3. Along with our campaign when a consumer turns in 25 of the cardboard bottoms from our case they will receive a free case of our water. We are also starting another campaign, when they return 100 plastic bottles they will receive a free case of our water. We have joined together with a company that will grind up our bottle and recycle them into the raw form of plastic so we will be able to manufacture more bottles with purchasing any new raw materials. Core Competencies At Blue Mountain Spring Water we strive to go beyond what our competitors are offering as far as a product line and the price of their product. We have achieved this for the last five years and will continue to do so. We are continuing to develop new product ideas along with ways to make our production aspect run more efficiently. Product Strategy We are in the final stages of designing a 5 liter bottle with a water dispenser unit that will be rented to office buildings and available for sell to the home user. We are testing flavored water to see how the public would respond to this new product line Additional Competitive Factors Projected Sales 2010 $3.90 million 2011 $4.5 million 2012 $6 million Timeline Year 1 Launch of the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Launch the 5 liter bottle and dispenser Year 2 Flavored water in the market Year 3 Coffee machines sold with our 5 liter bottle Blue Mountain Spring Water Marketing Plan Executive Summary This three year marketing plan has been developed to show where our company is heading and how we are going to get there. For us to reach these goals we had to obtain a loan to expand our facility to accommodate the additional machinery and storage that will be needed. We have been in business for the past five years and have showed a significant profit each year. The next coming three years will be no different. We are expanding our facility, along with our distribution area. We are introducing new products along with different sizes of our bottles. Financial Goals Blue Mountain Spring Water will increase our customer base and expand our distribution by reaching beyond the borders of Pennsylvania. We have several target markets; children for the age of 5 -13, active teen agers and the elderly. We plan to start selling our product in the state of Florida, Georgia and other southern states by the end of this fiscal year. Our revenues over the past five years have provided us a significant portion of the amount we need to expand our production facility to accomplish this task. The loan we have received has no interest for three years .We expect to have it paid back in full within two years. As with any company we are always trying to improve our product and develop new product lines. Our research team currently is developing a new product line: flavored water with all natural ingredients. We are also developing a delivery service of our water. Our bottle design team has finished a 5 liter design that will be fitted to a water dispensing unit. These units will be rented to office buildings and houses for a very low cost per month. We will stop production on the 2 liter bottle. The machinery that was manufacturing the two liter will start producing the 5 liter bottles. We are also investigating doing a cross promotion with local area dealers who have their coffee machines placed in office buildings. We have proposed to these companies’s let us supply the water for your product. We are in the process of find dealers who only deal with high quality coffee. We don’t want our name to be tarnished. These new product lines will increase our revenue by 15%. We plan to donate vending machines and stock those with our water free for a year in each grade school in the area around our facility. This has also been proposed to different schools in the new area we are going to distribute in. As will be described below, we have joined together with a company that will grind up our used bottles and recycle them into material we will be able to make more bottles out of. The raw form of plastic is very dependent on the price of oil. Given the current situation of oil prices today and the possibility of another disaster on an oil rig, This process of grinding up used bottles will save us money. The cost of this process will be a fraction of the cost of being new raw materials. Nonfinancial Goals New product line – Flavored water, 5 liter bottle and also distributing coffee machines that will be able to hook up to the 5 liter bottle. Our new geographic market will be the southern states. Along with our campaign when a consumer turns in 25 of the cardboard bottoms from our case they will receive a free case of our water. We are also starting another campaign, when they return 50 plastic bottles to a local recycling center they will receive a coupon for a free case of our water. We have joined together with a company that will grind up our bottle and recycle them into the raw form of plastic. This company will sanitize and clean each bottle before the grinding process. This will allow us to manufacture bottles with purchasing any new raw materials. This will keep our costs down and the price of our product the same. Core Competencies At Blue Mountain Spring Water we strive to go beyond what our competitors are offering as a product line and the price of their product. We have achieved this for the last five years and will continue to do so. We are continuing to develop new product ideas along with ways to make our production aspect run more efficiently. With our new product lines we will not sacrifice quality to manufacture a product that doesn’t meet our high standards. This is also true for the partnerships we are going to develop with other companies. We are only going to do business with companies that have the same high standards that we have. Opportunities Distribute to the active over 55 communities within our region and the southern states Place mountain spring water in vending machines in local grade schools. We plan to donate the machines and stock. The water will be free for a year. Place cartoon labels on the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Threats There is the constant fear another company trying to sell a better product will steal our loyal customers away. Public feels that mountain spring water is nothing but tap water. Public will start to drink other beverages Company gets too big for its own good. Management gets spread too thin Competitive Factors We feel that with our new plans to have five liter bottles in office buildings and available for home use. Along with joining in a cross promotion with area coffee machine dealers, will make our name much more visible. These opportunities provide us to attract more customers. Target Market Blue Mountain Spring Water has noticed an increased growth with the 65+ age group. If we want to keeps this trend going in an upward motion we have to expand our marketing outside of our existing area. Our company will have to start a concentrated marketing strategy in these southern states. Our strategy is quite simple we will place our product on the shelves of the local pharmacy. We performed data mining on three of the biggest pharmacy’s in the south, Walgreens’, Rite Aid and CVS and found that the majority of their customers are in our target group. When a prescription is filled, the doctor recommends that the patient starts immediately taking the prescription. Our strategy is to provide each elderly person who picks up a prescription a bottle of our water at half price. By doing so our product will become a house hold name. We also are going to target the children ages 5 to 13 with our â€Å"Junior† size bottles. These bottles will have a variety of cartoon characters on them. They will also be able to be placed in lunch boxes or bags. The active teenager market is also a huge area for us to explore. With more teenagers getting involved in sports and be more active, they will need to replenish their fluids. We will have poster with the detail information on why it’s healthier to drink water instead of soda after a sport’s activity. These posters will also have a web site where they can go and receive all the information on why water is so important. We will also continue to market to our biggest group, the active consumers between the ages of 18 to 49. Product Strategy We are in the final stages of designing a 5 liter bottle with a water dispenser unit that will be rented to office buildings and available for sell to the home user. We are testing flavored water to see how the public would respond to this new product. We are investigating area coffee dealers who supply coffee machine to office building. We are offering to do a cross promotion with them if they use our water with their machines. In exchange we have asked that the coffee dealers provide Blue Mountain Spring Water with 1 pound packages of coffee. We will place these packages in specially marked cases of our water. Distribution strategy We are now going to start selling our product in southern states. For us to sell our product in this new area we will have to rent a warehouse. Our refrigerated trucks will deliver water to the refrigerated warehouse where it will have a quick turnover. Water will not sit for more than five days in the warehouse. We will scan each pallet of water as it arrives with our computer controlled inventory system. This will allow us to keep track of each pallet of water and make sure no pallet is older than five days. This is also true for 5 liter bottles. We will have our locally refrigerated trucks make the delivers to the stores, every three weeks. Our truck drivers will stock the shelves; if any of our water is over two weeks old our drivers will remove these cases will be removed from the shelves. Each case has a best by used date stamped on each case. The cases that have expired will be donated to local homeless shelters and other area community shelters. Promotional Strategy Our promotional strategy will take place in fall and run for a week. We will have three displays in the northern states. One will be on college campuses and the other two will be placed inside malls at major cities, in neighboring states around Pennsylvania. The college campuses will be Ohio State. There will be three more displays in Florida, in cities were are target group, the elderly, are located. We will place ads on the side of public transportation, signs placed on the side of bus stops and billboard signs on the highway, a few weeks before our promotion starts. The advertisement will have a picture of our product along with our slogan, â€Å"Blue Mountain is Nature’s Fountain† With the statement â€Å"Come taste Nature’s fountain Saturday September 18 through Saturday September 25†. We will advertise that free samples will be available.The advertisement will have the prices of our various sizes of our water; our product is placed in eco-friendly b ottles; for just stopping by you will receive a coupon for a free case of water. Our display will be of a mountain 10 feet high with water flowing down it. It will collect in a pool at the bottom and be recalculated to the top. The mountain stream will be lined with plastic as well as the man-made lake. The lake will be contained in a huge plastic tub. We will have professional landscapers landscape the display to transform it into a life like mountain landscape. We will provide samples to prospective customers form one of the five liter bottles that are attached to the water dispensing units. There will be no water sitting on the tables waiting for someone to drink it. The samples will be handed out fresh. We will have employees walking around the area where the display is handing out the free coupons for the free case of water. Having the five liter bottles with the dispensing unit on display will give the consumer a chance to see these units before they buy one or tell their office manager about them. Business cards will be printed up and handed out to any customer who is interested in one of these units. Pricing Strategy Our product has been on the market for five years and we have experienced excellent revenue. We must develop a new pricing strategy since Blue Mountain Spring Water is going to be sold in new areas around the country. We must keep our product reasonably priced so we don’t drive away our very large loyal customer base while attracting new customers. This will be accomplished with four pricing objectives: profitability, volume, meeting competition and prestige objectives. Profitability – This will be accomplished by delivering our product to the new target areas. We have run promotional events in all the areas and our advertizing billboards will remain visible for quite some time in these areas. We have established a strong foothold in the water business with our various sizes of bottles. With the marketing campaign we have started to promote our 500 and 750 ml bottles we will expand our lead over any other manufacture who also sells the same size bottles. While doing this we must also continue strong growth with our 1 and 2 liter bottles. Our engineering department is always looking for ways to increase efficiency while cutting down on the cost. Volume – As stated we have seen excellent revenue growth just in the select area we have been selling to in the last five years. Now we have expanded our area by ten times. With this expansion our selling volume will naturally increase. We will experience an increase production cost, such as manufacturing, storing and transportation. The selling volume has increased which will offset these cost increases. Meeting Competition – We understand that the water business is a very competitive business and the competition is always trying to sell their product at a lower price than the next guy. Our cases of water will have something the others don’t. We offer two ways to receive a free case of our water, return 25 of the cardboard bottoms or 50 used bottles. Projected Sales Projected Sales 2010 $3.90 million 2011 $4.5 million 2012 $6 million Timeline Year 1 Launch of the â€Å"Junior† (8oz bottle) in retail packs of 12 Launch the 5 liter bottle and dispenser Year 2 Flavored water on the market Year 3 Coffee machines sold with our 5 liter bottle Research Papers on Blue Mountain Spring Water Final Case StudyAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Hockey GameThe Spring and AutumnThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paper

Communication Stratergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Communication Stratergy - Essay Example Pink is now part of a French luxury brands group called LVMH which has helped them to expand more, they now cater to their customers with a treasure trove of silk ties, leather goods and other accessories. Thomas Pink, also operates a state of the art website, through which customers can purchase its luxury products at any hour of any day at any place in the world. (LinkedIn). To a novice, Thomas Pink’s success story may seem like a fairytale that has been riding a continuous success wave held up by sheer dumb luck. However, this is not how Thomas Pink has been able to climb up the rungs of the ladder of corporate success. They have, over the course of time implemented various policies and techniques that have given the brand an edge over its competitors and helped propel it from just another shirt manufacturer to one of the leading names of luxury brands in the UK. One of the things most important for a brand’s rapid success in the marketing sphere is its communication strategy. As effective as a good communication strategy can be, it can sometimes also be very difficult to develop, fashioned to best suit the companies needs. Thus, many companies suffer from either the lack of a communications strategy or the ineffectiveness of one. A successful communications strategy explains and promotes the company’s goals and what it hopes to achieve. It creates the â€Å"voice† of the company used to reach its customer base and it is upon this communications strategy that the company can base subsequent tactics. First and foremost, the company needs to get some things in order. The management needs to decide on five management decisions which are further explained below. First, the company needs to ascertain what its audience is. Who are the people it wants to reach and communicate its goals to? Second, the company needs to figure out what it needs to change about its behavior. Things it needs to do differently, new actions that it will have t o take to reach its newly defined audience and communication routes it will have to redirect and realign. Third, the management needs to decide which messages will be suitable for the defined audience. Do they have to restructure the messages? Or will they have to be changed completely? Once the messages to be conveyed to the audience are decided, the management can now work on what channels will be required to convey the message. These will also be in accordance with the defined audience to be targeted. The last job of the management concerning the implementation of a communications strategy is that of evaluation. How will the success of implementation of such a strategy be measured? Should the management set some goals or aims to be achieved? And how will they be able to quantify results? Thomas Pink’s communications strategy changed greatly with time as it expanded and its audience changed. Initially, it was just producing luxury men’s shirts for an audience that wa s prepared to pay a premium price for premium quality. This required Thomas Pink to target a particular segment of the rich and image conscious male market that would purchase the brand’s products with a loyalty only associated with people with money who stick with brands because those brands offer a small part to the completion of their personalities. When Thomas Pink joined LVMH, it expanded into different markets like a firework. It

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare Bible Genesis Chapter 13 - Essay Example The first one was written during the time when Israel had kings ruling Jerusalem and before their deportation to Babylon in 587 BC. The customary scholarly description for the earlier custom, which extends sporadically all through the Pentateuch, is the Yahwist or J tradition. Many scholars would date the later creation story in Genesis 1:1 2:3 to a time after 587BC and the exile to Babylon. It is also argued that it may have been written even later i.e. after the return to Judah in 539BC during the Persian period. This tradition is called as the priestly tradition or the P tradition. There are lots of difference between the Y tradition and the P tradition (Shelley) The two chapters of Genesis fulfil every aspect of a Myth, or a kind of Myth conclusion. There are two accounts of creation in the genesis and they surely contradict each other. It is absolutely old and deals with a paranormal being that a society found vital. Therefore the first two chapters are an atheist's best friend and a Christian's nightmare. It is a blatant contradiction in what is claimed to be a divinely inspired document. In the first God created mankind on the sixth day. After making everything else, finally he creates mankind. Then he rests. In the subsequent creation the timeline is not broken up into days. But the first thing God does is to make Man before he makes even plants.

Multinationsl Enterprise's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Multinationsl Enterprise's - Essay Example This would mean that multinationals have to invest in not only a change in strategy over a period of time but also carry out related activities like proper methods of hiring, removing inefficient employees, investing a little more on the units which are ready to default as well as strengthen the cash cow strategic unit of the company, all the same. Multinational institutions around the world have devised similar strategies so that they can cope up with the ever-rising pressure that they face from their direct as well as the indirect competitors. The direct competitors could be in the form of the partners who are strategically or at times tactically coming up with their customer-tailored products whilst being on the same end of some other strategic unit with the said multinational. The same has been seen as quite an ‘in’ thing in the business world of present times and all said and done it will continue to be the same for a number of years to come. [Jones, 2002] The change in the organizations’ strategies as well as structures guarantee that the company is present and willing to do more than just provide products and services to the end consumers. It wants to make the people realize that the company is there and wants to do its very best by tailoring its strategies in such a manner that can only benefit them nonetheless. After all, a company or an organization without the target people is nothing more than an office set up with employees and employers working for no one, at the end of the day. Also the fact that organizations need to evolve over a period of time is testimony enough for them to grow within themselves and thus adopt and hold on to a new path altogether, one that will be their torchbearer as well as reap rich dividends for them not only in the present times but also in the future. These strategies are so much in alignment with the future goals and tactical perspectives that they fulfill what is really expected of them, both in terms of short

Effect of Ph and Glucose on Plant Growth

Effect of Ph and Glucose on Plant Growth Abstract: An experiment was designed and conducted to investigate the population growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae under various environment conditions such as temperature, pH levels and glucose concentration. The research questions were then arrived as: What is the effect of differing temperatures on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing pH levels on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing glucose concentrations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? The different temperatures were chosen based on kinetics and each temperature differing from the other by at least 10oC, so a notable change in the yeast population to be observed. Two of the temperatures chosen were below the optimum temperature and two above and one in the optimum temperature. Based on the optimum pH levels for the growth of the yeast, certain buffers with two pH values above and two below of the optimum pH and one in the optimum pH were prepared and stored. The glucose concentration that was used in cultures which tested for the effect of temperature and pH was chosen in such a way that would enable the yeast population to grow without limitation as far as glucose is concerned. One of the options for testing the effect of glucose over the yeast growth was the absence of glucose from the culture. The other options were to halve the optimum glucose concentration and the last was higher of the optimum value. When testing the different temperatures, the results showed that there was little growth in relative low and high temperatures and very high growth in the optimum temperature (the population almost quadrupled). In the different pH levels the yeast growth was little in low and high pH levels but was increased as pH was reaching the optimum pH. In the case of different glucose concentrations, the results showed that with no glucose in the culture was a small growth; in the glucose concentration of halve of the optimum value there was growth but again less than the optimum; in the glucose concentration above optimum there was very high growth as there was in the optimum value. Chapter 1: Introduction Research Questions: What is the effect of differing temperatures on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing pH levels on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? What is the effect of differing glucose concentrations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae population growth? The yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a single celled fungus that reproduces asexually by budding or division. It is one of the most well studied eukaryotic model organisms in both molecular and cell biology. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is maybe the most important and used fungus in the history of the world even from ancient times because of its use in the brewing of beer and in rising of dough in bread. That is the reason why is called brewers yeast and bakers yeast, due to the use of different strains of Saccharomyces for the alcoholic and sugar fermentation. S. cerevisiae is a very good type of yeast for biological studies owing to the rapid growth (doubling time 1.5-2 hours at 30  °C), the dispersed cells and the ease of replica planting. Moreover is a non-pathogenic organism, so can be handled fearlessly with only little precautions. Also large amounts of commercial bakers yeast are available with result being an easy and cheap source for biochemical studies. S. cerevisiae has round to ovoid cells between 3-8ÃŽÂ ¼m in diameter Respiration: In biology, respiration is defined as: the process by which the energy in food molecules is made available for an organism to do biological work (Kent, 2000; p.100). It is also called Cellular respiration. This process of cellular respiration happens in every living cell as it is the only way to obtain energy in a form that will be usable for the cell, so it can carry out the functions of movement, growth and reproduction (ibid). The food in yeasts must be obtained as they cannot produce it on their own. For yeasts, a very good source of energy is sugars. All strains of S. cerevisiae can metabolize glucose (a hexose sugar), maltose and trehalose. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Adenosine Triphospate known also as ATP is the form of chemical energy that cells use to carry out biological activities. Without ATP an organism cant survive. During cell respiration the energy that is found in food molecules is transformed to ATP (Kent, 2000; p.100). Types of Respiration: There are two main types of respiration that take place within a cell: Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) and Aerobic respiration (with oxygen). S. cerevisiae can metabolize sugars in both ways, but in this research the cultures of yeast were exposed to air hence to oxygen, so aerobic respiration was mainly the way that yeast cells grew and reproduced. Aerobic Respiration: Aerobic respiration is a complex process which involves different steps of reactions and its purpose is to metabolize food molecules. As these reactions take place and food is broken down, energy is released which is then used to synthesize ATP from ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Kent, 2000; p.101). These reactions are carried out by special enzymes. There are the three major metabolic stages in aerobic respiration: glycolysis (which is also part of anaerobic respiration), Krebs cycle, electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Krebs cycle: The central phase of the aerobic respiration and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It involves the production of acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) (Kent, 2000; p.104). Electron Transport Chain: It involves the highest production of ATP during respiration, meaning the 90% of ATP is produced in this stage. This metabolic stage occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane (Greenwood. et al. 2007; p.127). Glycolysis: Cell respiration has to do with the production of ATP by the oxidation of sugars, fats or other substrates. In this research as substrate was used glucose. When glucose is the substrate, the first metabolic pathway of cell respiration is glycolysis, which is carried out by enzymes in the cytoplasm of the cell. A small amount of ATP is produced in this pathway by the oxidation of glucose. Glycolysis consists part of aerobic and anaerobic respiration because no oxygen is used (Allot, 2007; p.73). Enzymes: Thousands of chemical reactions are carried out within a cell. These reactions most of the times occur in a very slow rate. For that reason living organisms make biological catalysts which are called enzymes and speed up these reactions. Enzymes are globular proteins which act as catalysts of chemical reactions (Allot, 2007; p.18). An enzyme can increase to more than a billion of times the rate of a chemical reaction. Also cells can control which reaction occurs in their cytoplasm by making some enzymes and not others. Enzymes achieve to increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy (the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to occur) (Green. Et al. 2008; p.167)of the substrate or the substrates, when binding to the activation site (is the part of the enzymes surface into which the substrate is bound and undergoes reaction) (Greenwood. et al. 2007; p.114) Enzymes are sensitive molecules with very specific structure which enables them to carry out specific reactions. This structure including the active site can be damaged by various conditions and substrates. This damage is called denaturation and is usually permanent for an enzyme and if denaturation is occurred the enzyme can no longer carry out its function. As a result when enzymes are required to catalyze a reaction, is necessary that they have appropriate conditions. It should be remembered that different enzymes have different ideal conditions. The factors that affect the enzyme activity are: the temperature, the pH, the substrate concentration. In a specific point for each of the previous factors, enzymes work in the most effective way, known as optimum conditions. The effect of temperature, pH and substrate concentration upon the enzyme activity which affects the growth of S. cerevisiae yeast cells are studied in this research. Effect of Temperature: As the temperature is increased in an enzyme-catalysed reaction, the rate of reaction is increased up to maximum in a specific temperature. This is called optimum temperature. The optimum temperature of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 30o- 32oC. In temperatures below of the optimum, when increasing the temperature there is an increase in the kinetic energy of the reactants and there are more frequent collisions between the active site and the substrates, so the activity of the enzymes is increased. The rate still rises as the temperature increases; till it reaches the highest rate where is the optimum temperature hence the highest enzyme activity. Above this temperature the rate starts to drop rapidly. This is due to the high energy that causes vibration inside the enzyme with result the bonds which maintain the structure of enzyme to break. This causes denaturation and the active site can no longer fit the substrate. Overall, at very low temperatures the enzyme activity hence the rate is low due to the low kinetic energy of the substrate but there is no denaturation, at the optimum temperature the rate is the highest and levels off because the increase in kinetic energy of substrate is cancelled out by the denaturation of the enzyme and at high temperatures enzymes are denaturated and the rate falls dramatically because denaturation exceeds the high kinetic energy of the substrates. These are summarized in the following graph. Effect of pH (hydrogen ion concentration): Most of the enzymes operate effectively in a small range of pH values. Between these pH values there is an optimum pH value in which the enzyme activity is the highest. The optimum pH of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 5.5. Acids and alkalis cause denaturation of the structure of the enzyme by breaking mainly hydrogen and ionic bonds with result the substrate cant fit the active site. Furthermore the charges of the amino acids within the active site are affected by pH changes, so the enzyme is not able to form an enzyme-substrate complex. Above and below the optimum pH the enzymatic activity hence the rate is reduced considerably. Effect of Substrate concentration: In an enzyme-catalysed reaction the rate increases in direct proportion to the substrate concentration. The optimum glucose concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 2%. At low substrate concentrations, the rate of enzymatic activity increases sharply as the substrate increases. This occurs due to the more frequent collisions between the substrate molecules and the unoccupied active sites. On the other hand, at high substrate concentrations the biggest part of the active sites have been occupied with result when increasing the substrate concentration there is little effect on the rate of enzymatic activity. Chapter 2: Methodology Objectives of the study: To determine how the different temperatures affect the growth of population of S. cerevisiae. To determine how the different pH values affect the population growth of S. cerevisiae. To determine how the different glucose concentrations affect the population growth of S. cerevisiae. Hypothesis: Hypothesis 1: The population of S. cerevisiae will grow the most at the optimum temperature, meaning between 28oC to 32oC, and also the population growth at temperatures below the optimum will be higher than the population growth at temperatures above the optimum. Hypothesis 2: In the optimum pH, meaning at low acidic conditions of pH 5.5 to pH 6, there will be the highest S. Cerevisiae yeast cell population growth. At pH levels above and below the optimum pH there will be less growth but this growth level will be relatively of the same degree for the values of pH above and below. Hypothesis 3: In the optimum glucose concentration, meaning about 2% glucose, will occur the highest yeast growth. In the glucose concentration below of the optimum there will be much lower growth, whereas in the absence of glucose there will be almost none yeast growth. Variables: When testing the effect of differing temperatures on S. cerevisiae population growth: Independent variable: Temperature (5o C, 15oC, 30oC, 50oC, 60oC). Dependent variable: Number of S. cerevisiae cells. Controlled variables: 7mL buffer of pH 6 in every test tube, glucose concentration 2mL (2% glucose solution) in every test tube and 1mL yeast (0.02% yeast solution) in every test tube. When testing the effect of differing pH levels: Independent variable: pH (3, 4, 6, 8). Dependent variable: Number of S. cerevisiae cells. Controlled variables: Temperature (30oC), glucose concentration 2mL (2% glucose solution) in every test tube, 7mL buffer in every test tube, 1mL yeast (0.02% yeast solution). When testing the effect of differing glucose concentrations on S. cerevisiae population growth: Independent variable: Glucose concentration (0mL, 1mL, 2mL, 3mL of 2% glucose solution each). Dependent variable: The number of S. cerevisiae cells. Controlled variables: Temperature (30oC), 9mL buffer of pH 6 at 0mL glucose, 8mL buffer of pH 6 at 1mL glucose, 7mL buffer of pH 5.5 at 2mL glucose, 6mL buffer of pH 6 at 3mL glucose, 1mL yeast (0.02% yeast solution) in every test tube. Materials/ Apparatus: Test tubes Burette Micropipettes Pipettes Pipette-fillers Graduated cylinder of 10mL, 250mL and 1000mL Volumetric Flasks of 250mL and 1000mL Funnels Spatula Weight boats Beakers Plastic wash bottles Plastic bottles Cover slip Haemocytometer Microscope Digital multi-log Balance Waterbath Magnetic stirrer Thermometer Ethanol 70% 0.1M Citric acid 0.2M Sodium hydrogen phosphate Distilled water Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae Source of yeast: YIOTIS S.A, INDUSTRY OF NUTRITIONAL PRODUCTS, ATHENS, GREECE. Procedure: Day 1: The first step before the start of the aerobic fermentation of yeast was to prepare the buffers. For the preparation of buffers of different pH, citric acid (3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid) and sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) were used. Four plastic bottles, labeled each with one pH value (3, 4, 6, 8 respectively), were required. 100mL of each of the buffers were prepared. The stock solutions of citric acid and Na2HPO4 firstly prepared. For the preparation of stock solution of citric acid of concentration 0.1M and volume 1L, 19.2g of citric acid and 1L distilled water required. For the preparation of stock solution of Na2HPO4 of concentration 0.2M and volume 1L, 28.4g Na2HPO4 and 1L distilled water required. A balance and a weigh boat required for the measuring of masses. The solutions were added and stored in two volumetric flasks of 1L respectively, which measured the volume of distilled water. Citric acid and Na2HPO4 were added into the flasks with the aid of funnels. The volumes were measured and put into four different plastic bottles by using two burettes of 50mL. The validity of each pH value checked by using a digital multi-log. The next step was to prepare the glucose solution. For the preparation of glucose one volumetric flask of 500mL used to measure the volume of distilled water and to store the glucose solution. 10g of glucose were weighed by using a balance, a weigh boat and a spatula. Half of a 100mL beaker filled with distilled water was used to dissolve the 10g of glucose. A magnetic stirrer used for better dissolution. After glucose was complete dissolved, was added to the 500mL flask using a funnel. The rest of the flask was filled up to 500mL with distilled water. Then, the yeast solution prepared for the purpose of the experiments of that day. Every day a new yeast solution was prepared. For the yeast solution 0.10g of dry yeast were weighted from sachet with a spatula and placed on the weight boat. The yeast was added to a 1000mL volumetric flask filled with 500mL distilled water with the aid of a funnel in order to avoid staking of dry yeast in the cylindrical walls of the flask. Afterwards the solution was swirled by smooth shaking. After everything was ready the experiments for the studying of the effect of differing temperatures on S. cerevisiae growth initiated. Three water baths were prepared and each one adjusted in three different temperatures 30oC, 50oC and 60oC. Each temperature was tested by using a thermometer and a digital multi-log sensor. Two refrigerators were used for the low temperatures and adjusted at 5oC and 15oC. After all temperatures have been reached, the preparation of cultures started. Five test tubes labelled with one temperature each. The cultures were prepared with half an hour difference in order to test the stability of the temperature and to take a sample from each test tube and count the initial population. A pipette of 25mL used to introduce the glucose to the test tube. A 10mL graduated cylinder used to measure the volume of the buffer and then was introduced into the test tube also. Then with another 25mL pipette, 1mL yeast was taken and placed also into the test tube. The yeas t solution was shaken before taking the sample as yeast cells tend to sink to the bottom of the flask due to their weight. Afterwards by using a micropipette, a sample was taken from the culture inside the test tube and placed on haemocytometer and then to the microscope to count the initial population (the cells found in the borders of the chambers were counted). The haemocytometer is a specialised microscopical apparatus used to count cells and other organelles. A haemocytometer consists of two counting chambers. Each chamber consists of an arrangement of squares of different sizes which are used to count easily the cells. These squares of different size form different grid layouts. In the centre of each chamber it is found a grid of squares of 0.2mm 0.2mm 0.1mm dimensions. There is another grid of squares of dimensions 0.25mm 0.25mm 0.1mm, in each of the four corners around the central grid. The grids of squares of 0.25mm 0.25mm 0.1mm dimensions were used for the counting of the yeast cells. A cover slip is placed above the chambers, so the samples are spread equally due to capillary action on the counting area. The test tube was then placed for 24hours in the temperature corresponding to what was labeled. This procedure was the same for the rest four test tubes. In the end of the day the glucose solution 2% was placed in the refrigerator, the 1000mL flask with the yeast solution, the haemocytometer, the cover glass and all the other apparatus was cleaned with ethanol 70% and washed with distilled water and left to dry. The use of 70% ethanol for the cleaning of haemocytometer doesnt have any negative effect on the yeast cells that were place on it to be counted. This happened in the end of every day. Day 2: The next day each test tube was removed with half an hour difference in the order that they were left for fermentation. Then a sample was taken with the use of a micropipette and placed on haemocytometer and again to microscope to count the yeast cells. After finishing with temperature testing the next thing was to study the effect of pH levels on S. cerevisiae population growth. A yeast solution was prepared the same way as Day 1. The glucose solution was removed from the refrigerator. Clean test tubes taken and labeled with different pH values 3, 4, 6, 8. A water bath adjusted at 30oC. Again, every culture was prepared the same way as Day 1 and placed in a test tube with half an hour difference. All test tubes with different pH levels were placed in the same water bath for 24hours. Before each test tube was placed in water bath, a sample was taken to count the initial population of each. Day 3: The cultures were removed in the order that were left to ferment and samples were taken to count the yeast population from each one. Between each measurement the haemocytometer was cleaned as was mentioned in Day 1. Finally, the effect of glucose concentration on yeast population growth was left. New yeast solution was prepared. The water was adjusted at 30oC. In clean test tubes the new cultures were prepared to test the glucose concentrations. The test tubes were labelled each with one concentration value. Samples were taken from each to count the initial population. The cultures were placed in water bath to ferment. Day 4: The cultures were removed from water bath and samples taken to count the yeast population. Weaknesses and Improvements: Weakness Improvement In the populations of yeasts cells that were counted in the microscope, there were both alive and dead cells  or denaturated cells. A dye such as methylene blue could be used to determine in each counting the live and the dead or inactive cells. The cells which would remain colorless would indicate enzyme activity and the dead or denaturated cells would be turned into blue. Methylene blue should be used only after the fermentation has finished because it inhibits the yeast cells by consuming the hydrogen ions that are produced during respiration. The test tubes, where the yeast cultures were left for fermentation, were slightly closed on the top with cotton in order to prevent the entrance of other microorganisms. This cotton plug prevented the easy flow of fresh air (containing oxygen) inside the test tube. This limited the availability of oxygen supply that the yeasts required in order to grow aerobically. The test tubes can be placed to ferment aerobically in a closed container such as BioFlo 3000. This kind of bio processing systems provide a wide range of options that enables the researcher to adjust a standard air flow which includes different options of certain proportions oxygen ggand air which can respond to oxygen-demanding yeasts or any other microorganism. There was absence of some basic element sources in every yeast culture that are necessary for better fermentation conditions such nitrogen and phosphorus sources. Lack of such sources lead to relatively low cell growth comparing to the growth that could be achieved without the absence of such elements. Bacto-peptone can be used as an organic nitrogen source. Yeast extract makes available many bio nutrients required for the fermentation of yeast cells. It also provides essential water soluble vitamins, amino acids, peptides and carbohydrates. Chapter 3: Data Collection and Processing Calculation of cell concentration In order to calculate the cell concentration for each factor, the comperative mean values, which are displayed above, were used. These mean values were applied to the following formula which enables to convert counted cells into cell concentration: In the above formula, C is the viable cells/mL, N is the counted cells, D is the dilution factor and 103 is the haemocytometer correction factor. An example with the application of the formula of cell concentration for the factor of temperature at 5oC and after 24 hours of fermentation is shown below: In the case of 24 hours of fermentation at temperature at 5oC, the viable counted cells, N=34.25, the dilution factor, D=1. In all experiments, when testing the different factors, the dilution factor is always one (D=1). Representation of calculated data of cell concentrations Tables of cell conentration (cells/mL) for the differing temperature values: Table with the initial population: Temperatures()  ±0.5 Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Table with the 24 hours fermented population: Temperatures()  ±0.5 Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Tables of cell conentration (cells/mL) for the differing pH levels: Table with the initial population: pH Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Table with the 24 hours fermented population: pH Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Tables of cell conentration (cells/mL) for the differing glucose concentrations: Table with the initial population: Glucose 2% concentrations (mL) Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Table with the 24 hours fermented population: Glucose 2% concentrations (mL) Cells/mL (Chamber 1, Chamber 2) (counted cells) Standard Deviation Chapter 4: Analysis and Interpretation 4.1 Graphs The data that is used for the sketching of the graphs is shown in chapter 3, in Data Processing, Representation of calculated data of cell concentrations. The respective table values were used for each of the factors. The software that was used for the sketching of the graphs is, Graph 4.3 (Ivan Johansen, 2007). effect of Temperature on S. cerevisiae population growth The effect of pH on S. cerevisiae population growth The effect of substrate Glucose concentration on S. cerevisiae population growth 4.2 Interpretation Testing Hypothesis 1: Comparing the different temperatures that the S. cerevisiae population left to grow, it can be seen based on both the cell concentration and the graph, that below 30oC the of the population grows rapidly as the temperature increases; the yeast population almost doubles when temperature increases from 5oC to 15oC and almost triples when temperature increases from 15oC to 30oC . Above 30oC the growth of the population is highly decreased; yeast population becomes almost 3.5 times less when temperature increases from 30oC to 50oC and when temperature increases from 50oC to 60oC the population decreases very slightly. As a result, the highest S. cerevisiae population growth is observed at 30oC. Consequently this should be the optimum temperature. Moreover, as temperature below the optimum point increases the population increases more from its initial value than it does at temperatures above the optimum point. Overall the hypothesis confirmed. Testing Hypothesis 2: Evaluating the yeast population growth at the different pH levels, it can be seen that the increase of population above and below the value of pH 6 is almost the same. The fact that at pH 6 it is observed the highest population growth implies that this is the optimum pH level. The lowest growth is observed at pH 3 and pH 8. In these specific pH levels the growth is slightly higher at pH 8 (population increases approximately 1.7 times) than it is at pH 3 (population increases approximately 1.3 times). The growth is higher in pH 8 as it is closer to the optimum pH. At pH 4 the increase in population is almost the same as it is at pH 8. Both pH 4 and pH 8 differ by 2 pH levels from the optimum level but the yeast population at pH 4 increases approximately 1.982 times where at pH 8 the population increases 1.7 times. This shows that S. cerevisiae operates better at acidic conditions. Overall the hypothesis is confirmed. Testing Hypothesis 3: Analysing the growth of S. cerevisiae at different glucose concentrations and for 24 hours of fermentation, the results obtained show that in the absence of glucose from the culture the yeast population didnt increase at all. The only increase that was observed from its initial population was 1.091.1 times, meaning that this 0.1 increase may have occurred due to the capacity of energy within the yeast cells. At 1% glucose concentration it was observed sufficient growth. The yeast population almost doubled from its initial value (increased approximately by 1.8 times). In higher glucose concentration the yeast cells population respond greater and as a result a higher population growth was observed. The initial population increased 3.9 times, meaning that almost quadrupled. In even higher glucose concentrations the population increased highly again but not enough so to be able to say that at 24 hours of fermentation S. cerevisiae requires more energy to reach the maximum replication cap acity. The population increased 3.954.00 times, almost the same of that of 2% concentration. Moreover, based on the graph plotted for glucose concentrations, it can be seen that after 2% glucose concentration the yeast population reaches plateau without any further increase. So the limiting growth glucose concentration is at 2%. Overall the hypothesis is confirmed.

My Philosophy on Life Essay -- Philosophical Life Essays

My Philosophy on Life Do you ever wonder why you are put into situations that you don’t know how to deal with? Would it disappear if you just closed your eyes to the many lights that life produces? Well most cases it doesn’t, the light is shining in your eyes like the sun and you have to deal with it. Sometimes I wonder why I act the way I do, and why I have to deal with situations that aren’t always the most comforting. You think you have something, but you realize that you have nothing on that one piece of life’s puzzle. When you sit down to think in silence about the world revolving around you, you realize that piece is near you. However, it is not close enough to grab with your hand or heart. You want to react with your mind, but your heart seers you in other directions that you weren’t ready for. When you think that you have found that perfect piece to complete the puzzle, you second-guess yourself about it. Is it really the prefect piece that will make the puzzle stronger, or are there other pieces that are better? Your mind runs faster than you can handle and it makes you think about the other pieces in the puzzle. Are the other pieces going to slowly come apart too or are they glued together and stable? You wonder that maybe-other pieces the perfect ones either, which gives you even more questions. Then you look at every piece individually and see how those pieces make you happy or sad. That one piece that brings you joy everyday knowing that it will be with you indefinitely. You dream at night about that one piece because you know it is the perfect piece to the puzzle that you can rely on. There are many pieces that allow ones mind to question, but you seem to glue that one piece into the puzzle. Some days the pieces all fit together, but other days, most pieces are scattered among others. One day brings hope, joy, confidence and happiness, but the next moment, it brings sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. It takes time to find these p ieces to build the puzzle back to stability, but you find it easier to just forget about those negative pieces, You look back on those pieces, the good and the bad and sometimes wonder if you could have them back for just one day. You miss what those pieces brought to your life when they were positive, and tend to forget why they wondered away. Once you remember, you question your judgement. Life is full of many... ... change it. The problem is, you can’t change it no matter how tight you close your eyes and hope. Face problems as they occur, you cannot run from any problem, no matter how major or minor it may be. Where ever you run, the problem is following you, and can’t disappear until you deal with it. Open your eyes to what is going on now, and make the best of every situation. Your conscious follows you in your dreams and will never let you forget what has happened, it is always in the back of your mind. Never go to bed angry because the problem will be there when you wake up. You may lose sleep over the problem, because you constantly think about how you could have changed things or what you could have done different. Do you ever realize that you think of something better to say or better to do after you do it? This is because sometimes you react without fully thinking about the situation. You use your mind instead of your heart sometimes. Your mind gives you a quick react ion on what to do, which may not always be the best. The heart tells you the true thing to do, and lets you know when you were wrong. It examines the situation to the fullest and decides what is the right thing to do.

Martha Stewart Trial

Martha Stewart went on trial on January 12, 2004 for conspiracy, obstruction of justice, securities fraud and making false statements in the stock trading scandal at ImClone Systems. Stewart’s sale of almost 4,000 shares of stock in ImClone Systems created suspicions of insider trading. After investigating the matter, the federal prosecutors suspected that she deliberately tried to mislead their investigation. It is considered a Federal felony for someone to falsify or cover a material fact and to knowingly make any materially false statement.The trial was to determine whether Martha Stewart was a criminal who lied to the government about selling stock based on an inside tip or just an investor who saved money with a smart bet on the market. The Securities and Exchange Commission noticed an unusual coincidence between selling a large number of shares by the CEO of ImClone and Martha Stewart and began an investigation to determine if Martha Stewart was guilty of insider trading . Sam Waskal later confirmed that the sale of his shares was due to an advance word that the FDA rejected the application for the approval of the cancer drug. CNNMoney, 2004) The government said that Stewart saved about $45000 by selling stock in ImClone on December 27th, 2001. She said she sold the stock because she and Bacanovic, her Merrill Lynch & Co. broker, had a pre-existing agreement to sell when the stock fell to $60. (Answers. com) During the trial, Douglas Faneuil, Stewart's broker's assistant, testified that he tipped Stewart –on orders from his boss, Peter Bacanovic– about Waksal's sale of ImClone shares.Faneuil's testimony was important to the government’s contention that Stewart sold the ImClone shares after she received news from ImClone CEO Sam Waksal and she did not have an agreement with Bacanovic to sell the stock when it fell to $60 a share. In her defense, Stewart's attorney told the judge that Faneuil at various times had been advised to t ell the truth to investigators and the SEC, but then told later to keep lying. (CNN. com, 2004). Securities fraud was the most serious charge against Stewart, carrying a penalty of up to 10 years in prison and the U. S.District Judge Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum dismissed the securities fraud charge against Stewart, saying that â€Å"the evidence and inferences the government presents are simply too weak to support a finding beyond a reasonable doubt of criminal intent. †. (CNNMoney, 2004). The other four remaining charges she faced, each carried a sentence of up to five years. The trial lasted for five-weeks. Ironically, Erbitux, the drug that was produced by ImClone to treat cancer and was not considered to be reviewed in December 2007 when its application was rejected, recently was approved to treat certain forms of cancer. CNNMoney,2004).ReferencesChernoff, Allan. (2004). Closing arguments underway. Retrieved June 11, 2010, from http://money. cnn. com/2004/03/01/news/companie s/martha/index. htm? cnn=yesKey prosecution witness to take stand at Martha Stewart trial (2004). Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://edition. cnn. com/2004/LAW/01/29/martha. stewart/index. html Sellers, Patricia (November 14, 2005).†Remodeling Martha†. Fortune, pp. 49–62. Retrieved June 11, 2010 from http://www. answers. com/topic/martha-stewart

bad Medicine essays

bad Medicine essays Androstenedione: Just Another Supplement Suppose that you were a distressed student, but you knew of a pill that would enable you to get better grades. Would you choose to take them or not? It would be preposterous to say that many would not. Mark McGwire, first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals, had to make a decision similar to this. The decision he was forced to make was whether or not to use the body supplement androstenedione. This year, Mark McGwire broke the single season record for home runs and everyone made a big ordeal about his use of androstenedione. Many felt that since androstenedione is already outlawed in Professional Football, the Olympics, and the NCAA, then it should be illegal in Major League Baseball as well. Once again I ask if it were possible for you to enhance any part of your body, would you choose to do so? Over the Thanksgiving break, my grandfather and I got into a discussion about McGwire. He told me that he felt that McGwire should not even be mentioned for MVP this year because of his use of andro. I said, grandpa, as a farmer you are constantly looking for ways to increase crop yield. The answer is always some type of fertilizer. Every other farmer may also choose to use these fertilizers, but some do not. Androstenedione is like a fertilizer to McGwire. To say that he does not deserve the MVP would be like saying you are unable to collect the extra money that you receive as a result of a good harvest. After that, he quietly walked away from the table! This from a man who is known for always having the last word. Mark McGwire is a 65, 250 pound first baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals. McGwire started his career in Oakland California with the Athletics. He was traded to St. Louis in 1997 for three pitchers and was worked into the lineup immediately. His ability to hit home runs has not just recently come about. In his rookie year of 1987, he was the American League Home Run C...

Diabete Type 1 and 2 essays

Diabete Type 1 and 2 essays Diabetes is a very serious disease that attacks millions of people around the world. Diabetes is recognized as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. (Medical Surgical Nursing) It can strike at any age and can happen to anyone. Although we are not exactly sure about the causes of diabetes, it is known to be a metabolism disorder. It is believed that it has to do with the body's own immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. A metabolism disorder affects the digestion of food in the body. (McHenry, Robert) After eating, most food is broken down by glucose, which is the main fuel for the body. Cells use glucose for energy after it moves into the bloodstream. (Channing L.) Insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas, allows the glucose to pass into our cells. The pancreass job is to produce the right amount of insulin so the glucose can pass from the bloodstream into cells. (Channing L.) Without insulin the glucose that we need in order to live has a hard time entering the cells of the body that need it. If too much glucose builds up in the blood, then a diabetic may begin to have headaches or blurry vision. They may become very thirsty and have dry, itchy skin. ( McHenry, Robert) If glucose levels go too low, it is called hypoglycemia, which makes a person nervous, shaky and confused. (McHenry, Robert) Personal judgment may also be impaired. If glucose levels go to high, it is called hyperglycemia. This condition can be life threatening. Doctors who specialize in diabetes are called an endocrinologist or diabetologist. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. Some symptoms of diabetes include: excessive thirst, constant hunger, sudden weight loss for no reason, rapid hard breathing, sudden vision changes or blurry vision and drowsiness or exhaustion. These symptoms can occur at any time. If they are not diagnosed and tre...

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Case study - Essay Example Per se, the products are mainly associated with fun placing them in the category of luxurious products (Naggar 159). An effective problem to this problem is developing strategies for marketing the cereals. One of the best marketing strategies will be effective campaign (Naggar 169). Effective campaign will incorporate some of the traditional Arabic food into the breakfast basket for the whole family. The campaign should target mothers and house helps as they form the chief consumers/buyers of food stuff (Naggar 180). The second solution will be is merging with local companies to increase credibility to the consumer. Arabian countries have strict rules when it comes to many things and among them is food. A merger with a local company will effectively dilute the mistrust of the products being offered by Kellogg Company (Naggar 191). These mergers apart from increasing acceptability in the new markets, they also reduce competition of the market share. Kellogg Company management should encourage take- over and mergers with local companies (Naggar 200). Kellogg Company should understand the consumers and consumer behaviors of the people in the gulf countries in order to effectively penetrate these markets (Naggar 220). The above two solutions form core bases for the impending problem of the

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HUMAN RESOURCES IN ACTION - Essay Example Likewise, other information provided in the career portal include data pertinent to Hilton Hotels & Resorts (date opened, number of properties, and team members). Career news and events are also disclosed. For Marriott International, Inc., the details that are required for the job applicants to select from include: location, the keyword or job number, and the job category. Likewise, the following information are also provided in the site: additional career opportunities, more information (application process, technical guidelines, as well as J-1 Visa Program and F-1 Visa Program) (Marriott International, Inc., 2013). Using the search option, job applicants at Hilton are provided with information regarding available openings according to areas of interest, location, among others. A quick view at all available openings in Hilton across all nations worldwide disclosed that as much as 4,209 job openings are currently available (Hiton Worldwide, 2011). For Marriott, the quick view brings the searcher in the ‘search and apply’ portal where search option information, as noted above, was included. Likewise, jobs at the Ritz-Carlton, for example include details on positions according to the following classifications: Front of the House, Heart of the House, and Property Management (The Ritz-Carlton Hotel, 2013). Thus, information regarding the job positions open and the link for contacting them in order to apply are available online. Through indicating the country of origin, as well as the intended Hilton brand or organization that the applicant intends to apply, the potential candidates could perceive that Hilton supports diversity in culture, as deemed relevant and appropriate for their field of endeavor. On the other hand, for Marriot, the information in their website discloses the promotion of diversity and inclusion, as well as the ‘people

How children develop their interpersonal skills Essay

How children develop their interpersonal skills - Essay Example Infants may cry to communicate their needs to their parents; they learn that when they cry they are fed and thus carry on with this routine. Eventually, with the correct training and assistance, children will learn that making use of words or expressions to communicate their needs could be their most effective technique (Hersen, 2011). This essay discusses how children develop their interpersonal skills and how digital technologies or electronic devices can be used to enhance children’s learning experience. Nevertheless, interpersonal skills are not confined with social tact like being courteous and well-mannered. Children’s social and interpersonal skills develop as they acquire communication skills. Numerous parents are anxious that their children are deficient in interpersonal or social skills, but this is a misperception in most instances. The essentials of social behavior originate from the emotional area of the brain, which is a vital determinant of morality, compassion, and fellow feeling (Hersen, 2011). Babies usually fret when they hear another baby screaming, for they know that someone is disgruntled. Hence several antecedents of interpersonal skills are perhaps wired to the brain, but experiences also affect the ability of children to recognize, understand, and react to others’ needs (Hersen, 2011). Focusing jointly on something is an early sign of interpersonal skills. Babies who often draw people’s attention to fascinating objects at nine months are more probable to be classified as socially capable at roughly two years. By their first year babies want or prefer people who support or give comfort to other people (Mathieson, 2004). Genuine fellow feeling, the capacity to understand and reflect on the feelings of others, is manifested by age five. In this young age, children exhibit remarkable improvements in self-discipline. Children who have greater self-discipline also manifest greater fellow feeling and more advanced sense of right and

Does gay marriage threaten the family Essay Example for Free

Does gay marriage threaten the family Essay The question is clear does gay marriages threatens the family? To my belief yes it does with a capital Y. It is for a very simple reason that it nullifies the basic web of the society, the family. By the term alone, for instance if a two male person established among themselves what they so called â€Å"conjugal love or the so called domestic partnership â€Å"who would be called the mommy and the dad. If they have children by adoption or from the other partner would that child not be confused that his or her mom is physically and physiologically like his dad? In this aspect it also waters down the dignity of a man and that of a woman. For all we know yes we are created equal but were given recognition that each one has his and her role to play. And that part cannot be taken away by some whims of only few individuals. In fact, it is everyone’s concern to value his masculinity and for the woman her femininity. Those who can not recognize this fact is in no way no longer care for respect for the right reason. Ralph Wedgewoods justifications are like a mens rea. Justification does not eliminate one’s malicious act. He justifies gay marriages by attacking the evils in marriages. He could have forgotten that he is once a product of a basic family of a union between a man and a woman. Divorce, children born out of wedlock, abandonment, etc. are ills to our society but must not be taken into account that since we have this evil, marriage is doomed. In fact, a holy marriage is a sanctuary, a place where we could raise good citizens of the world. When love is lacking between a complete man and a complete woman, how can we be so sure that love between the same sexes is less chaotic? I do not deny the value of clean friendship here; same sexes could love each other in a platonic and respectful way. Giving into licentiousness already debases the human dignity, and that dignity is for everyone. Perfect union is only enjoyed by legitimate love. Anything outside of it is simply lust. And when lust diminishes convulsion of consciences regains unless that conscience has had hardened its heart not being able to conceive what is right and what is wrong. Maggie Gallagher’s discusses in her book â€Å"What is Marriage for? †. That gay marriage is nothing new. It could be accepted in Massachusetts and may infiltrate the 50 states of America. Marriage is defined as giving a legal ground for sexual desires of adult individual but it has more to offer. Well it is not simply institutionalizing a marriage and begetting children. It is beyond that. Moreover it is not only for the elite. But justice dictates that if a man and a woman can not properly raise a child it is better for him and her to live continence. Many have fallen into the ifs’ and buts’ of marriage, but if we could only look at one direction and try to research what it really mean to be. Finally, everyone could have a conclusion that marriage is never a license but more of a gift of faith and love. Matrimony is defined in the Humane Vitae (Human life) as Married love which is far from being the effect of the result of blind evolution of the natural forces in which husband and wife through mutual gift of themselves perfect themselves as one in cooperating with God for generating new lives. It is a love that is total. How many have come in to marriage without valuing this basic requirement? They are the ones on the event of sorrows of daily life ran away from their commitment. It is them who forget that married love is faithful and exclusive until death. They never thought that it is a real commitment and not just a sharing of domestic problems. â€Å"Marriage and conjugal love are ordained toward procreation and education of children which are the supreme gift of marriage. † (VI, 1968) This always includes responsible parenthood and the observance of the natural law. Marriage between same sex is not only a direct defiance to God’s will who have created the whole universe but a rendering injustice to ones self. A man with a common sense knew that anything unnatural is a hoax. Never would a man find complete ecstasy on any union that is filled with guilt and full of perversion. In Kerry Howley`s debate, she stresses more on the political side of the issue. The author could have forgotten one dimension of marriage. This social institution is not only bounded by a certain state but is treated more of a sacrament. The unions between spouses are not only by civil norms but out bounds the soul. Religion, the church, and God who created you and me have institutionalized marriage to be the seed of His elects. Here we are not negating the rights of lesbians and homosexuals, in fact our society of today are more civil with them and accepted them as creative and respectable individuals. But to carry on an error of licentiousness we are just debasing their human existence. There are always limitations where we can not be what we want but in the eye of a believer of truth he could see beyond even if his eyes are closed. Let consciences be heard and man will bend his knees, for all we know something out there is of greater value, more precious than gold. Our soul and its eternal end.